Smoking Cessation Laws
It was found that this effect is only due to a reduced likelihood of switching from smoking experimentation to established smoking. Residents of apartment buildings, such as apartments or condominiums, are particularly often exposed to second-hand smoke. About 25% of the U.S. population lives in public or private apartment buildings.8,9 In 2016, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development adopted a rule requiring public housing authorities to prohibit smoking in their buildings, including housing units. The policy has been combined with the promotion of smoking cessation and cessation resources. Promoting smoking cessation services as well as smoke-free policies in apartment buildings could help motivate smokers to quit smoking and could encourage more private multi-unit facilities to adopt smoke-free policies.10 State and local smoke-free restaurant and bar laws expanded rapidly in the United States from 2002 to 2012. SOURCE: Presentation by McGoldrick (June 11, 2012). ==References=====External links===The Food and Drug Administration approves nicotine gum as the first drug designed to help people quit smoking. McGoldrick also noted that there are new full-service provider organizations in response to the ACA that could make smoking cessation therapy a covered benefit, particularly because such coverage is likely to reduce its costs associated with providing medical services to treat the health effects of smoking. In addition, the ACA is providing a new prevention fund and other resources to support the CDC`s tobacco control efforts.
Many states and cities, including New York City and a number of California state jurisdictions, have also established smoke-free parks and beaches. The entire campus of many universities, such as the University of Michigan, is now smoke-free or smoke-free, with smoking and/or smoking not allowed inside and outside campus buildings. “I have people telling me, `This policy is a failure because I`ve seen people smoking on campus,` and I say, `We have laws against murder and some murders are still being committed. It`s widely accepted as good policy,” Warner said. One topic that sparked discussion at the workshop was a policy that would allow employers to legally refuse to hire someone who smokes. The Cleveland Clinic has implemented such a policy, Warren said. According to the guideline, candidates take a cotinine test during their physical examination before placement. Those who test positive are referred to a smoking cessation program paid for by the Cleveland Clinic.
If a candidate has a negative test result after 3 months, they can be re-selected if the position remains vacant (Cleveland Clinic, 2012a, b). The World Health Organization also has an anti-smoking attitude policy, according to Dresler. Some employers prohibit hiring people who smoke to save on health insurance costs, she added. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publishes the first edition of Best Practices for Comprehensive Tobacco Control Programs. This document describes how government tobacco control programs should be structured to best prevent smoking and help smokers quit. It also recommends minimum levels of funding at which each State can best implement these programmes. Since 1996, average state and federal taxes on cigarettes have risen from 57 cents to $2.50 a pack, according to McGoldrick. These taxes have been shown to reduce the number of cigarettes sold while increasing state budgets, some of which can be allocated to tobacco control programs. “Taxation is the most important policy we have to try to change smoking quickly and substantially,” Warner said (see Figure 7).
==References=====External links===The Environmental Protection Agency has published Respiratory Health Effects of passive smoking: Lung Cancer and Other Disorders. The report concludes that second-hand smoke is responsible for an estimated 3,000 lung cancer deaths each year in non-smoking adults and affects the respiratory health of hundreds of thousands of children. The American Lung Association publishes the first edition of the State of Tobacco Control report. Available on www.lung.org/research/sotc, this report tracks progress on key tobacco control measures at the state level and later at the federal level and assigns scores to state laws and regulations. It is published annually in January. California voters agree with Proposition 99, which increased the cigarette tax by 25 cents and used a portion of the revenue to create the first comprehensive California-wide tobacco control program. It was also the first time that a state used tobacco tax revenues to prevent and quit smoking. The American Lung Association was instrumental in the adoption of this proposal and the subsequent support of the California Tobacco Control Program. The Public Health Act, enacted in 1989 and last amended in 2019, section 13-E, known as the Clean Indoor Air Act (CIAA), prohibits smoking tobacco products and the use of vaping products in almost all indoor public spaces and some outdoor public workplaces. Exceptions are allowed for cigar bars that existed before December 31, 2002, for organizations that do not have employees, and for stand-alone vaping stores that only allow the use of e-cigarettes. Municipalities and counties may enact local laws that are stricter than state law. Full information on the law can be found in the Clean Indoor Air Act.
McGoldrick noted that tobacco companies spend more than $10 billion, or 92% of their total marketing dollars, to sell their products13 (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, Counter Tobacco, and American Heart Association, 2012). “They make tobacco available, attractive and affordable for children and for people trying to quit smoking. We haven`t done much in pos-of-sale regulation yet to try to influence that marketing,” he said. He noted that the village of Haverstraw, New York, had recently banned the visual display of tobacco products in the city`s 11 retail stores (ACSCAN, 2012). However, after the law was passed, tobacco companies and convenience stores filed civil lawsuits against the ban, and the Village of Haverstraw voted to lift the ban, citing concerns about legal fees (Gilbert, 2012). Although each state prohibits the sale of tobacco products to minors, most of these laws do not appear to affect smoking in this population unless they are strictly enforced, Warner noted. However, the Tobacco Control Act makes the sale of cigarettes to youth a federal offence (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Children, 2012c; FDA, 2012). Warner added that many people who smoke have a low level of income and education, and the same group tends to be more sensitive to price increases. Children are two to three times more adventurous than adults, “which tells us that a tax on cigarettes is by far the most important thing we can do if we want to reduce smoking among teenagers,” he said. Unfortunately, most tobacco taxes are not spent on prevention. McGoldrick said that while revenues from tobacco tax and state regulations are estimated at $25.6 billion in 2012, only $457 million was spent on tobacco control, well below the $3.7 billion recommended by the CDC and the $10.5 billion for tobacco industry advertising (Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, 2012b, d; CDC, 2007d). .
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